Just recently, I visited beautiful Santorini in the Aegean Sea, an island that was devastated by a volcanic eruption in the 16th century BC, forever shaping its rugged landscape. But just prior to arriving, I also visited another volcanic Greek island Milos, known for it’s stunning beaches.

It was here in Milos that I embarked on a 49-foot-long speedboat from the port of Adamas through the gulf of Milos to the emerald-green waters of Sykia then on to Kleftiko, Kalogries, and Klima. It was a glorious five hours on the shimmering sea. The sun was beaming, the water was refreshing, and the crew kept feeding us food and refreshments but no water.

At the time, I didn’t think too much of it. But later that evening, I felt my legs feeling weak but brushed it off. It wasn’t until the following day that I began to feel worse to the point of going to the medical clinic in Fira, Santorini. My ailment? Heat exhaustion.

Whenever the sun beats down on us during a warm holiday vacation or during hot summer days, understanding the differences between heat stroke and heat exhaustion can be a matter of life and death. Both conditions are heat-related illnesses that can strike when your body struggles to cope with extreme heat, but they have distinct symptoms, severity, and treatment.

Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is a heat-related illness that results from prolonged exposure to high temperatures and inadequate hydration. It’s characterized by symptoms such as heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and muscle cramps. The body’s response to the heat is to pump more blood to the skin’s surface to help cool down, which can lead to dehydration and imbalances in electrolytes. If you or someone you know is experiencing heat exhaustion, it’s important to move to a cooler place, hydrate with water or electrolyte drinks, and rest. Loosening clothing and using cool compresses can help alleviate discomfort. If symptoms worsen or persist for more than an hour, seeking medical attention is crucial to prevent progression to a more severe condition.

Symptoms:

• Heavy sweating
• Weakness and fatigue
• Dizziness and lightheadedness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Cool, moist skin
• Elevated heart rate
• Muscle cramps or aches
• Headache

Treatment:

• Move to a cooler place and rest.
• Drink fluids, preferably water or an electrolyte-replenishing sports drink.
• Loosen clothing and take a cool shower or use a cold compress.
• Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or last more than an hour.

Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is the most severe heat-related illness and is a medical emergency. It often occurs when heat exhaustion goes untreated. In contrast to heat exhaustion, heat stroke is marked by a high body temperature, often exceeding 103°F (39.4°C). Unlike heat exhaustion, the skin of someone with heat stroke is dry and hot, and they may experience confusion, seizures, and even unconsciousness. This condition requires immediate medical attention. While awaiting help, it’s essential to move the person to a cooler place and take measures to lower their body temperature, such as applying cool water or ice packs. Do not provide fluids by mouth to a person with heat stroke. Prompt treatment can make the difference between life and death in heat stroke cases.

Symptoms:

• A high body temperature (above 103°F or 39.4°C)
• Dry, hot skin (no sweating)
• Rapid, strong pulse
• Throbbing headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion, agitation, or even unconsciousness
• Seizures

Treatment:

• Call 911 or seek immediate medical attention.
• While waiting for help, move the person to a cooler place and try to reduce their body temperature (e.g., with cool water or ice packs).
• Do not provide fluids by mouth to someone with heat stroke; focus on cooling the body.

Prevention

Preventing heat-related illnesses is crucial. Here are some tips to stay safe in the heat:

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially when it’s hot. Avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine.
• Wear appropriate clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing and a wide-brimmed hat.
• Take breaks: Rest in the shade or a cool place, especially during peak sun hours.
• Avoid strenuous activities: Limit physical exertion in extreme heat, or do it during cooler parts of the day.
• Know your limits: Pay attention to your body and don’t push yourself if you start feeling unwell.

Understanding the differences between heat exhaustion and heat stroke is vital for your safety and the well-being of those around you during hot weather. While heat exhaustion is serious, heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency that demands immediate medical attention. By recognizing the symptoms and taking preventive measures, you can enjoy the sunshine while staying safe and cool. Stay hydrated, stay informed, and keep your cool!

Be Fit. Be Strong. Be Well.
Adriana